Color Infrared Orthophoto, NE quadrant of Lower Vacherie Quadrangle, LA, 50:1 MrSID compressed, LOSCO (1999) [c2909003_nes_50]

Metadata also available as - [Questions & Answers]

Metadata:


Identification_Information:

Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO)
Publication_Date: 19990622
Title:
Color Infrared Orthophoto, NE quadrant of Lower Vacherie Quadrangle, LA, 50:1 MrSID compressed, LOSCO (1999) [c2909003_nes_50]
Description:
Abstract:
This dataset is a 3.75 minute color infrared (CIR) orthophoto for the NE quadrant of the Lower Vacherie quadrangle, Louisiana. An orthophoto is a planimetrically correct 'photomap' because the distortions of scale due to elevation differences and aircraft orientation inherent in raw aerial photography have been removed as part of the orthophoto production process. An orthophoto can often be used directly with vector map data.

This color infrared orthophoto was created from color infrared aerial photography film. Color infrared film is manufactured to be sensitive to red, green and near-infrared wavelengths. This type of film makes near-infrared reflected energy visible to the human viewer by capturing that energy and representing it as a visible color. The dyes that are used in the film render green objects as blue images, red objects as green images, and objects that primarily reflect infrared as red images. Because healthy vegetation reflects strongly in the near infrared, areas of vegetation appear red or pink. The appearance color for water in CIR imagery is highly variable and dependent on the depth and amounts of floating vegetation and suspended matter. It can range in color from olive drab through turquoise, deep blue and to black. Barren areas can be highly reflective at all wavelengths, thus frequently appear very bright in a CIR image.

This image has an overedge of approximately 300 meters on all sides, so the area encompassed is actually somewhat larger than 3.75 minutes by 3.75 minutes. Each pixel in these orthophotos represents an area of one square meter on the ground.

The image is in Multi-Resolution Seamless Image Database (MrSID) form. Like the other common photographic image compression methodology, JPEG, MrSID compression maintains high visual image quality even at high compression levels. The advantages MrSID offers over JPEG is a faster display rate and a 'smooth' appearing image at any magnification level, the latter being a manifestation of the 'Multi-Resolution' qualities of this imagery. The compression levels obtained make it possible to distribute this MrSID imagery over the web, even to users with modem-only access to the Internet, and to put a hundred or more MrSID orthos on a single CD-ROM. Imagery in MrSID form is supported in most major GIS software. It can also be manipulated in Adobe Photoshop or viewed, subset, and converted to standard TIFF format imagery with a free stand-alone viewer available from LizardTech (<URL:http://www.lizardtech.com>).

Purpose:
Color infrared orthophotography serves a variety of purposes. It is commonly used as a backdrop for sparse vector data in a GIS. It may be used as a source for photointerpretation of features or for on-screen digitizing of the positions, paths, and boundaries of recognizable features such as oil storage tanks, roads, and buildings.

The user should be aware that adjacent orthophotos were produced from imagery with different center points. Because the orthophoto production process only corrects features at the ground level, the tops of buildings and other structures elevated above the surface of the ground 'lean' or 'tilt' away from the center point of the source photography and from their own bases. Adjacent orthophotos share common area because of the 'overedge' on each image. In these shared areas, the 'lean' direction of elevated objects will be different for the adjacent orthophotos because their source photography had different center points. For the purposes of photointerpretation of the locations of elevated objects visible in orthophotography, the user should select a point at the base of the elevated object rather than at its top. This convention will insure that the object location point appears at the base of the elevated feature, independent of which orthophoto is displayed as a backdrop. A point selected at the top of an elevated object in one orthophoto will very likely not fall at the top of the same elevated object in the adjacent orthophoto. Furthermore, the xy coordinates of a 'top point' so selected are neither the coordinates of the top of the object in the real world nor its base because of the 'lean' displacement in the orthophoto caused by the non-compensated height of the elevated object.

Supplemental_Information:
The image has eight internal reference tics which correspond to the theoretical corners of a regular 3.75 minute grid cell in the primary (NAD83) and secondary (NAD27) datums of the image. The north, south, east, and west bounds of that grid cell in geographic coordinates is given in the Bounding_Coordinates portion of these metadata. Because of the 'overedge' on each image, these tics occur approximately 300 meters in from each image edge, and because of the coordinate shift between datums, corresponding primary and secondary datum tics are about 25 meters apart.

The primary datum tics (13 by 13 pixel solid white crosses) have the following ground coordinate values in UTM Zone 15 NAD83 coordinates:

corner easting    northing
NW     723065.78  3321036.90
NE     729096.30  3321160.31
SE     729239.84  3314231.84
SW     723205.54  3314108.58
The secondary datum tics (13 by 13 pixel dashed white crosses) have the following ground coordinate values in UTM Zone 15 NAD27 coordinates:
corner easting    northing
NW     723070.28  3320856.92
NE     729100.92  3320980.33
SE     729244.46  3314052.11
SW     723210.04  3313928.85
Because of the image detail that is lost when full-detail source DOQ imagery is compressed, the tics no longer appear as solid white crosses or dashed white crosses in the MrSID compressed imagery. Nonetheless, the primary datum tic can be differentiated from the secondary datum tic because the former appears brighter and whiter than the latter.

The ground coordinates of the upper left hand corner of the upper left hand pixel in primary datum (UTM zone 15 NAD83) coordinates are:

easting    northing
722757.00  3321483.00
The ground coordinates of the upper left hand corner of the upper left hand pixel in secondary datum (UTM zone 15 NAD27) coordinates are:
easting    northing
722770.66  3321280.70
The metadata for this image are encapsulated into several documents. The metadata are not complete if you did not receive the following files along with the data set:

c2909003_nes_50.mtd - this metadata in mp (metadata parser) compatible ASCII text form
c2909003_nes_50.html - this metadata in HTML form
c2909003_nes_50_faq.html - this metadata presented as Questions and Answers
c2909003_nes_50.sgml - this metadata in SGML form
<URL:c2909003_nes_50.hed> - the first 50-60 lines of the source ortho header.  This information
                           may be more easily parsed than these metadata if further automated
                           processing of the imagery is desired.
The image is accompanied by a georeferencing 'world' file. Following the ArcView / ArcInfo convention for such files, the xy origin specified in this file refers to the center of the upper left hand pixel of the image. You should have received the following as part of the dataset:
c2909003_nes_50.sid - image in 50:1 compressed MrSID form
c2909003_nes_50.sdw - world file for image
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19980204
Currentness_Reference: date of source image aerial photography
Status:
Progress: complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.688
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.625
North_Bounding_Coordinate: +30.000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: +29.938
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: framework
Theme_Keyword: orthophoto
Theme_Keyword: orthoimagery
Theme_Keyword: color infrared
Theme_Keyword: mapping
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Louisiana
Place_Keyword: LA
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
Appropriately citing the source of this imagery when used would be appreciated. The metadata must be transmitted along with the imagery if the imagery is further distributed.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office
Contact_Person: David Gisclair
Contact_Position: Technical Assistance Program (TAP) Director
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office
Address: Office of the Governor
Address: P.O. Box 94095
City: Baton Rouge
State_or_Province: LA
Postal_Code: 70804
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (225) 219-5800
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (225) 219-5802
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: <URL:mailto:tapgis@linknet.idt.net>

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report:
In order to be accepted by the USGS, the source aerial photography used for production of orthophotos must meet certain criteria including those related to natural defects (clouds, smoke, flooding, contrails), preventable defects (scratches on film, poor exposure, unlit fiducials), and overall frame density (measure of proper exposure and development). Color Infrared film must meet additional performance criteria. The flight line, exposure center, and aircraft orientation for the aerial photography must meet criteria set for the National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) to be accepted. The orthophoto(s) produced from those aerial photos must meet National Map Accuracy Standards, and in the case of this image, the oversight agency responsible for checking and submitting the band interleaved by pixel (BIP) source orthophoto into the National Digital Cartographic Database was the MID-CONTINENT MAPPING CENTER (MCMC).

Conversion of the BIP imagery into GeoTIFF form does not affect the image quality or any of the other image properties that the USGS uses to evaluate image quality and accept or disapprove contractor submitted imagery. As a natural consequence of the MrSID compression process, which is lossy, some degradation of image detail occurs on conversion to MrSID compressed form. However, the effect is acceptable for most uses at a 50:1 compression level. Because the compression is lossy, conversion of a MrSID compressed image back to a TIFF format file of much larger size does not at the same time restore all the detail present in the original BIP imagery.

Completeness_Report:
The image has an overedge of approximately 300 meters on all sides of the nominal 3.75 minute cell this image is meant to cover.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
In order to be approved by the USGS, a certain number of orthophotos are checked to insure that they meet National Map Accuracy Standards for this product. Digital data like these have no inherent scale, but for purposes of testing, 3.75 minute digital orthophotos are evaluated as if they were a paper map published at 1:12000 scale. The criteria for these orthophotos is then that 'not more than 10 percent of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale.' At the 'scale' of this product, that can be translated to: 'not more than 10 percent of the points tested shall be in error by more than 33 feet (as measured on the ground and using other higher accuracy data as positional reference)'.

The root mean square error (RMSE) of the parent BIP orthophoto for this particular image is 0.80 meters.

Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The digital orthophoto is created by scanning the negative film roll using a roll feed scanner. The scanned data file is then digitally rectified to an orthographic projection by processing each image pixel through photogrammetric space resection equations. This process requires, as input, ground control points acquired from ground surveys or developed in aerotriangulation, conjugate photo-coordinates of ground control, camera orientation parameters, and a digital elevation model (DEM). The mission that produced the source aerial photography incorporated the use of Airborne GPS, necessitating a minimal amount of ground control. The rectified digital image is then archived on CD-ROM media with a keyword-based informational (metadata) header affixed to the beginning of the band interleaved by pixel (BIP) digital image.

The BIP orthophoto was created from a digital elevation model (DEM) dated 19990101 and the aerial photo(s) listed below using 'Carl Zeiss PHODIS on SGI' software and hardware:

date       Image ID
19980204   'NAPP 10811 151'
A DEM source date like this one, 19990101, ending in '0101' is a 'flag date,' of sorts. Any DEM source date ending in '0101' means that either the DEM source day within the month of January was unknown or, more likely, neither the month nor the day within the year 1999 for the production of the DEM is known. Thus, the particular DEM under consideration may have been produced at any time within the 1999 year. However, many DEMs produced earlier than 1993 had no source date information. In that situation, the procedure is to write a DEM_SOURCE_DATE in the DOQ header composed from the year of ortho production, '01' for the month, and '01' for the day. This DEM source fits that picture and hence, in addition to the possibility of being produced at any time during the 1999 year, the DEM may have been produced at some unknown date prior to 1993.
Process_Date: 19990622
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: 3001, Inc.
Contact_Person: Kevin Hanzo
Contact_Position: Department Manager, Orthorectification
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5525 Mounes, Suite 102
City: New Orleans
State_or_Province: LA
Postal_Code: 70123
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (504) 733-3001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: <URL:mailto:khanzo@3001data.com>
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The BIP image was converted to GeoTIFF form with an accompanying georeferencing world (.tfw) file.
Process_Date: 1999
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: 3001, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3655 SW 2nd Ave., Suite 3C
City: Gainesville
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 32607
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (352) 379-3001
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The GeoTIFF form orthophoto data was compressed at a nominal 50:1 compression ratio with MrSID Compress Publisher to produce a MrSID compressed image.
Process_Date: 1999
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: 3001, Inc.
Contact_Person: Mendi Johnson
Contact_Position: GIS Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3655 SW 2nd Ave., Suite 3C
City: Gainesville
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 32607
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (352) 379-3001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: <URL:mailto:mjohnson@gnv.3001data.com>

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: pixel
Row_Count: 7674
Column_Count: 6783

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 15
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -093.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: +00.000000
False_Easting: 500000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1.0
Ordinate_Resolution: 1.0
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office
Contact_Person: David Gisclair
Contact_Position: Technical Assistance Program (TAP) Director
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office
Address: Office of the Governor
Address: P.O. Box 94095
City: Baton Rouge
State_or_Province: LA
Postal_Code: 70804
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (225) 219-5800
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (225) 219-5802
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: <URL:mailto:tapgis@linknet.idt.net>
Distribution_Liability:
The data herein, including but not limited to geographic data, tabular data, analytical data, electronic data structures or files, are provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the data is assumed by the user. No guarantee of accuracy is granted, nor is any responsibility for reliance thereon assumed. In no event shall the Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO) be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, loss of anticipated profits or benefits arising out of use of or reliance on the data. The LOSCO does not accept liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by inaccuracies in the data or as a result of changes to the data caused by system transfers or other transformations or conversions, nor is there responsibility assumed to maintain the data in any manner or form.

These data have been developed from the best available sources. Although efforts have been made to ensure that the data are accurate and reliable, errors and variable conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the data may be reflected in the data supplied. Users must be aware of these conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, scale, resolution, rectification, positional accuracy, development methodology, time period, environmental and climatic conditions and other circumstances specific to these data. The user is responsible for understanding the accuracy limitations of the data provided herein. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. The user should refer to the accompanying metadata notes for a description of the data and data development procedures.

Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the LOSCO, no guarantee, expressed or implied, is made by LOSCO regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. Distribution of these data is intended for information purposes and should not be considered authoritative for navigational, engineering, legal and other site-specific uses.

Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: MrSID, ASCII, HTML
Format_Information_Content: Imagery, georeferencing world file, and metadata
File_Decompression_Technique:
PC based PKZip compatible products (WinZIP, unzip) may be used to decompress the data bundle consisting of MrSID image file, and associated metadata files in mp (metadata parser) compatible ASCII text and HTML forms. If the .zip archive is decompressed directly on a UNIX system, then DOS to UNIX file conversion may be necessary for correct display and operation of non-binary files.
Transfer_Size: 3
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <URL:http://atlas.lsu.edu/rasterdown.htm>
Fees: none

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 19991209
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: 3001, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3655 SW 2nd Ave., Suite 3C
City: Gainesville
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 32607
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (352) 379-3001
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (352) 377-4234
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Generated by mp version 2.4.35 on Thu Dec 09 20:50:53 1999